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Table 5 Multivariate association of risk factors associated with adverse events in patients admitted with COVID-19

From: Impact of nurse staffing coverage and care complexity factors on health outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

ADJUSTED MODEL

Patients admitted to acute wards (n = 8,495)

Patients who required admission to ICU (n = 3,473)

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

Staffing measures

      

 Nurse staffing coverage

0.92

0.86–0.99

0.031

0.77

0.71–0.83

< 0.001

Care complexity individual factors (CCIFs)

      

 Haemodynamic instability

1.71

1.38–2.13

< 0.001

0.92

0.68–1.26

0.602

 Chronic disease

1.40

1.16–1.69

< 0.001

1.24

1.04–1.48

0.016

 Uncontrolled pain

1.53

1.31–1.78

< 0.001

1.50

1.27–1.79

< 0.001

 Extreme weight

1.10

0.88–1.36

0.398

1.36

1.08–1.72

0.009

 Position impairment

1.20

0.98–1.47

0.073

1.68

1.29–2.20

< 0.001

 Urinary or faecal incontinence

1.23

1.01–1.49

0.035

1.18

0.85–1.63

0.327

 Communication disorders

1.11

0.78–1.57

0.546

2.45

1.45–4.28

< 0.001

 Vascular fragility

0.73

0.47–1.11

0.151

0.78

0.42–1.46

0.435

 Old age

1.27

1.16–1.39

< 0.001

1.19

1.10–1.30

< 0.001

 Fear/anxiety

0.88

0.68–1.11

0.289

0.99

0.74–1.31

0.937

 Mental status impairments

2.35

1.99–2.77

< 0.001

1.94

1.61–2.34

< 0.001

 Agitation

1.30

0.82–2.04

0.254

0.72

0.29–1.82

0.469

  1. Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Adjusted logistic model included age, sex, high-tech hospital and underlying disease
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