Heeding the voices of nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis of organizational silence levels among clinical nurses

Table 4 Subgroup analysis of nurses’ organizational silence

Subgroup	Number of studies	Sample size	Pooled mean score (95% CI)	Model	P^a	Heterogeneity
Subgroup	Number of studies	Sample size	Pooled mean score (95% CI)	Model	P^a	I² (%)	Q	P^b
Sample size					0.01*
<300	13	2988	2.70(2.55,2.85)	Random		97.8	553.45	< 0.001
300–500	15	6186	2.58(2.41,2.74)	Random		98.9	1304.06	< 0.001
>500	6	4271	2.95(2.77,3.14)	Random		98.9	518.29	< 0.001
Publication year					0.30
<2019	12	5453	2.82(2.60,3.03)	Random		99.4	1672.66	< 0.001
2019–2021	13	5517	2.68(2.54,2.81)	Random		97.8	525.88	< 0.001
2022–2023	9	2475	2.59(2.38,2.79)	Random		98.1	476.37	< 0.001
Country					< 0.01*
China	29	11,739	2.68(2.56,2.80)	Random		98.9	2816.81	< 0.001
Turkey	4	1405	2.93(2.75,3.11)	Random		95.2	72.22	< 0.001
South Korea	1	301	2.42(2.36,2.48)	Random		-	-	-
Scale					0.06
ESB	12	5222	2.83(2.68,2.99)	Random		96.7	694.99	< 0.001
NOSB	17	6517	2.57(2.42,2.72)	Random		96.8	1654.37	< 0.001
OSS	4	1537	2.84(2.53,3.15)	Random		96.9	315.18	< 0.001
OSBS	1	169	2.77(2.63,2.91)	Random		-	-	-
Department					< 0.01*
multi department	22	5849	2.76(2.64,2.89)	Random		98.9	1965.95	< 0.001
pediatric	2	524	2.26(1.69,2.84)	Random		98.7	78.25	< 0.001
operating	3	1035	2.70(2.37,3.02)	Random		97.8	73.86	< 0.001
tumor	2	682	2.43(2.39,2.48)	Fixed		0	0.63	0.430
others	5	1538	2.68(2.37,2.99)	Random		98.8	357.49	< 0.001

Note: P^a value for the between-subgroup difference; P^b value for the heterogeneity within subgroups by Q test; *P < 0.05

ISSN: 1472-6955