Table 3 Summary of themes and categories

• Suboptimal practice of midwife specialists

• Suboptimal utilization of knowledge and skills

• Midwife specialists’ dependent function.

• Diminishing midwife specialists’ profession

• Midwife specialists’ knowledge and skills loss

• Midwife specialists’ inconsistent Practice

• Midwife specialist’s professional legal framework.

• Limiting the scope of practice

• Limiting job description