Table 6 Comparison between study and control nurse interns as regards dimensions of work innovation throughout the program phases (n = 1026)
Entrepreneurial behavior dimensions | Study group (n = 513) | Control group (n = 513) | Independent t-test1 p-value1 | Independent t-test2 p-value2 | Independent t-test3 p-value3 | Paired t-test1 p-value | Paired t-test2 p-value | Paired t-test3 p-value | Paired t-test4 p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Immediate post | Follow-up | Pre | Immediate post | Follow-up | ||||||||
The ability to innovate | 22.75 ± 5.48 | 40.0 ± 0.000 | 40.0 ± 0.000 | 22.99 ± 5.65 | 23.46 ± 5.10 | 23.73 ± 5.18 | t = 0.679 p = 0.49 | t = − 73.43 p = 0.000 | t = − 71.09 p = 0.000 | t = -71.29 p = 0.000 | t = -71.29 p = 0.000 | t = − 5.66 p = 0.000 | t = − 8.29 p = 0.000 |
Problem solving | 36.58 ± 3.69 | 55.0 ± 0.000 | 55.0 ± 0.000 | 36.62 ± 4.92 | 36.61 ± 3.68 | 36.78 ± 3.71 | t = 0.822 p = 0.45 | t = − 113.3 p = 0.000 | t = − 111.32 p = 0.000 | t = -113.17 p = 0.000 | t = -113.17 p = 0.000 | t = 0.081 p = 0.56 | t = 0.092 p = 0.66 |
Decision making | 54.31 ± 5.01 | 80.0 ± 0.000 | 79.74 ± 0.85 | 54.35 ± 4.66 | 54.31 ± 5.01 | 54.42 ± 5.32 | t = − 0.448 p = 0.72 | t = − 116.25 p = 0.000 | t = − 106.18 p = 0.000 | t = − 116.25 p = 0.000 | t = − 114.53 p = 0.000 | t = − 0.435 p = 0.71 | t = − 0.301 p = 0.65 |
Risk-taking, encouragement and moral support of innovation | 54.31 ± 6.52 | 80.0 ± 0.000 | 78.26 ± 4.41 | 54.45 ± 6.53 | 54.30 ± 6.54 | 54.48 ± 6.55 | t = 0.345 p = 0.73 | t = − 89.05 p = 0.000 | t = − 68.19 p = 0.000 | t = − 89.24 p = 0.000 | t = − 68.35 p = 0.000 | t = 3.44 p = 0.001 | t = − 0.827 p = 0.41 |