Table 1 The sample of data analysis for the emerging subcategory of nontechnical skills and capabilities
From: Hallmarks of nursing students exhibiting unsafe clinical practices: a qualitative study
Category | Subcategory | Main concepts | Sample codes | Sample supporting quote |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Underdeveloped knowledge and cognitive capacity | Insufficient nontechnical skills and | 1. Failure to manage priority tasks | Failure to identify and prioritize patient problems Inability to prioritize tasks | Most of us students cannot manage and prioritize our work well. This makes us forget some things, or do it half and half and patient care will be missed. (Participant 4, Academic member) |
2. Lack of situational awareness | Inability to identify a patient’s poor condition Inability to identify and take appropriate action according to the critical condition of the patient | A student who performs unsafely cannot recognize the bad condition of the patient and is just doing the procedures. The patient’s saturation was 82% and he had severe respiratory distress. Instead of him telling us the condition of the patient, I warn him that if you do not see that your patient is not breathing well, then why do not you inform him and start oxygen for him? He says very relaxed, I did not understand. (Participant 7, Clinical educator) | ||
3. Defects/delays in clinical decision-making | Defects in clinical decision making Inability to put together patient data and make clinical decisions based on it | Most of us have problems in clinical decision-making. We cannot diagnose the serious condition of the patient; we have done investigations and collected the data; we cannot put the pieces of data together and choose the best thing we can do for the patient. (Participant 10, Nursing Student) | ||
4. Deficits in teamwork and interprofessional cooperation | Inability to cooperate with the doctor to perform procedures. Unwillingness to work as a team with doctors and medical students. | The student is sitting at the nursing station and I say to him, why are not you with your patient?! He says that the interns are there and they are taking a history and they are going to put a Foley catheter on him, I say go and be with them and learn how to work and cooperate with them. Discuss the patient’s issues with them and exchange information. (Participant 6, Clinical educator) | ||
5. Deficits in interpersonal communication skills | Poor communication with the patient Poor communication with the care team. | According to my many years of experience in clinical settings and working with different students, I say that people with defects in interprofessional communication and even patient communication are unsafe people. They are more likely to make mistakes in their work. (Participant 5, Academic member) | ||
6. Failure to report information and important matters to others | Hiding an error occurred Failure to report errors to others Delay in receiving important interventions due to failure to report errors | Failure to report important things such as the mistakes they make is one of the characteristics of an unsafe student. Students who hide and do not report the error will delay intervention to prevent further complications. (Participant 17, Head nurse) |