Table 4 Sensitivity analysis
Studies | Experimental group Mean (SD) | Control group Mean (SD) | Std. mean difference | I2 | Total effect size [95%CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IV, Random, 95%CI | Overall I2 | rI2 | ||||
Bernburg et al. (2019) [52] | 2.94 (0.58) | 2.76 (0.59) | 0.30 [-0.12, 0.73] | 0% | - | 0.48 [0.35, 0.62] |
Chesak et al. (2015) [53] | 79.74 (11.82) | 75.52 (8.83) | 0.40 [-0.23, 1.03] | 0% | ||
Grabbe et al. (2020) [38] | 31.72 (4.02) | 30.54 (4.99) | 0.26 [-0.31, 0.82] | 0% | ||
Hsieh et al. (2020) [39] a | 164.15 (23.16) | 153.67 (23.75) | 0.44 [0.02, 0.87] | 0% | ||
Hsieh et al. (2020) [39]b | 158.77 (19.2) | 153.67 (23.75) | 0.24 [-0.19, 0.66] | 0% | ||
Huang et al. (2020) [35] c | 94.89 (10.34) | 84.75 (11.82) | 0.91 [0.49, 1.32] | 0% | ||
Janzarik et al. (2022) [50] | 73.36 (12.38) | 69.33 (12.35) | 0.32 [-0.17, 0.82] | 0% | ||
Li et al. (2016) [47] | 40.21 (4.23) | 35.56 (6.73) | 0.81 [0.22, 1.40] | 0% | ||
Li et al. (2019) [42] | 70.58 (8.71) | 66.22 (8.65) | 0.50 [0.05, 0.94] | 0% | ||
Lin et al. (2019) [40] | 59.7 (11.87) | 53.85 (16.21) | 0.41 [-0.01, 0.82] | 0% | ||
Yan et al. (2017) [48] | 35.11 (7.89) | 31.89 (7.01) | 0.43 [-0.07, 0.92] | 0% | ||
Zarvijani et al. (2021) [44] | 55.49 (9.55) | 47.56 (9.42) | 0.83 [0.33, 1.32] | 0% | ||
Sawyer et al. (2023) [49] | 3.63 (0.10) | 3.54 (0.10) | 0.89 [0.41, 1.37] | 7% | 7% | 0.52 [0.38, 0.65] |
van der Meer et al. (2020) [51] | 26.54 (4.82) | 25.49 (5.46) | 0.20 [-0.09, 0.49] | 22% | 10% | 0.47 [0.34, 0.61] |
Sawyer et al. (2021) [54] | 3.79 (0.60) | 3.78 (0.65) | 0.02 [-0.46, 0.49] | 29% | 13% | 0.45 [0.31, 0.59] |
Yang et al. (2021) [43] | 77.09 (9.24) | 67.69 (8.52) | 1.05 [0.58, 1.51] | 42% | 22% | 0.49 [0.34, 0.64] |
Yu et al. (2020) [37] | 69.45 (8.53) | 58.71 (9.87) | 1.15 [0.68, 1.63] | 52% | 31% | 0.53 [0.37, 0.69] |
Peng et al. (2020) [55] | 134.35(13.3) | 158.67 (15.21) | -1.67 [-2.40, -0.94] | 75% | 25% | 0.44 [0.22, 0.66] |
Turan et al. (2020) [45] | 104.83(5.94) | 72.00(5.08) | 5.79 [4.12, 7.46] | 83% | 24% | 0.54 [0.27, 0.81] |
Wang et al. (2019) [41] | 60.63(2.30) | 50.31(2.50) | 4.24 [3.31, 5.17] | 89% | 30% | 0.71 [0.38, 1.03] |
Li et al. (2021) [36] | 59.23(4.72) | 49.33(4.02) | 2.26 [1.87, 2.64] | 92% | 32% | 0.81 [0.44, 1.17] |
Mao et al. (2021) [46] | 69.12(1.69) | 60.82(1.66) | 4.91 [4.06, 5.76] | 94% | 35% | 1.00 [0.58, 1.42] |
Huang et al. (2020) [35] d | 99.84 (10.76) | 84.75 (11.82) | 1.32 [0.89, 1.76] | 94% | 49% | 1.01 [0.61, 1.41] |