Table 1 Eligibility criteria for the systematic review

Population

i. ≥ 18 years.

ii. Working in any medical workplace (primary, secondary or tertiary hospitals).

iii. Regular employees of medical units.

iv. No employment relationship with third parties.

v. Irrespective of gender or health status.

i. Nursing students.

ii. Nurses who have not been exposed to clinical care for a long time (≥ 1 month; Retired nursing staff).

iii. Healthcare givers who are employed by a third party and have direct monetary dealings with the patient/family.

Intervention

i. Any psychological intervention program that includes psychological resilience as an outcome variable (primary, secondary outcome variable).

ii. No restrictions on intervention settings, forms of intervention, or theories of intervention.

i. Non-psychological intervention programs with non-mental health-related objectives (e.g., work schedule adjustment, improvement of physical activity, metabolic capacity, etc.).

ii. Sole pharmacological (e.g., antidepressant therapy) and physical (exercise) interventions, relaxation techniques, and acupuncture Treatment

Comparator

i. No intervention.

ii. Wait-list control.

iii. Treatment as usual (TAU).

iv. Traditional Mental Health Education.

v. Other resilience-focused interventions.

No exclusion criteria

Outcome

Resilience (e.g., using resilience scales such as the Resilience Scale for Adults, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale)

No exclusion criteria

Study Design

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster RCTs, Head-to-head studies.

i. Non-RCTs.

ii. Uncontrolled before-after studies.