Table 1 Demographic and academic professional characteristics, AI chatbot familiarity, and usage patterns among faculty members from Jordan and the United States
Whole sample (n = 474) | Faculty members from Jordan (n = 210) | Faculty members from United states (n = 264) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 45.9 ± 8.1 | 45.5 ± 7.4 | 46.2 ± 8.7 |
Gender (female) | 381 (80.4) | 125 (59.5)* | 256 (97)* |
Highest level of education | |||
Master degree | 85 (17.9) | 35 (16.7) | 50 (18.9) |
Doctorate degree | 389 (82.1) | 175 (83.3) | 214 (81.1) |
Academic position | |||
Instructor | 51 (10.8) | 21 (10.0) | 30 (11.4) |
Lecturer | 58 (12.2) | 26 (12.4) | 32 (12.1) |
Assistant Professor | 87 (16) | 44 (21) | 43 (16.3) |
Associate Professor | 174 (36.7) | 79 (37.6) | 95 (36.0) |
Full Professor | 104 (21.9) | 40 (19) | 64 (24.2) |
Years of academic experience | 15.1 ± 8.6 | 14.2 ± 7.9* | 15.8 ± 9.0* |
University affiliation | |||
Community institution | 415 (87.6) | 151 (71.9) * | 264 (100) * |
Private institution | 59 (12.4) | 59 (28.1)* | 0 (0)* |
AI Chatbot Application Familiarity (familiar with at least one chatbot) | 391 (82.5) | 173 (82.4) | 218 (82.6) |
ChatGPT by Open AI | 272 (69.6) | 120 (69.4) | 152 (69.7) |
Alexa by Amazon | 57 (14.6) | 19 (11.0) | 38 (17.4) |
Google Assistant | 168 (43.0) | 68 (39.3) | 100 (45.9) |
Gemini by Google | 38 (9.7) | 14 (8.1) | 24 (11.0) |
Siri by Apple | 105 (26.9) | 47 (27.2) | 58 (26.6) |
Cortana by Microsoft | 61 (15.6) | 19 (11.0) | 42 (19.3) |
Microsoft Copilot | 61 (15.6) | 27 (15.6) | 34 (15.6) |
Other | 11 (2.8) | 5 (2.9) | 6 (2.8) |
Usage pattern in teaching, research, or self-learning | n = 391 | n = 173 | n = 218 |
Never | 49 (12.5) | 23 (13.3) | 26 (11.9) |
Rarely | 133 (34.0) | 55 (31.8) | 78 (35.8) |
Occasionally | 140 (35.8) | 60 (34.7) | 80 (36.7) |
Frequently | 59 (15.1) | 29 (16.8) | 30 (13.8) |
Very frequently | 10 (2.6) | 6 (3.5) | 4 (1.8) |
Used AI Chatbot Applications | n = 342 | n = 150 | n = 192 |
ChatGPT by Open AI | 194 (56.7) | 78 (52.0) | 116 (60.4) |
Alexa by Amazon | 23 (6.7) | 9 (6.0) | 14 (7.3) |
Google Assistant | 118 (34.5) | 50 (33.3) | 68 (35.4) |
Gemini by Google | 27 (7.9) | 13 (8.7) | 14 (7.3) |
Siri by Apple | 54 (15.8) | 26 (17.3) | 28 (14.6) |
Cortana by Microsoft | 17 (5.0) | 7 (4.7) | 10 (5.2) |
Microsoft Copilot | 33 (9.6) | 15 (10.0) | 18 (9.4) |
Other | 11 (3.2) | 5 (3.3) | 6 (3.1) |