Table 2 Main findings of included studies

Thuy Le et al., [15]

1) Results showed a moderate overall V-ESMS score (131.32 ± 16.53),

2) Educational level as the significant factor influencing self-management (SM) practices (p = 0.001), with higher education correlating with better scores across all subscales except Medication and Safety.

Duran et al., [16]

1) The mean score of the epilepsy SM scale was 133.64 ± 18.40.

2) Education, gender, income level, presence of children, and frequency of seizures were determined as factors affecting epilepsy SM. No relationship was found between spousal support and epilepsy SM.

Babaei et al., [20]

1) The mean score of SM was 114.37 ± 11.

2) Age, place of residence, marital status, seizure type, seizure frequency, and epilepsy duration significantly predicted 53% of the variance of SM.

Smithson et al., [17]

1) Young adults, those in education or employment, those living with others and those who had recent seizures were more likely to have low SM scores.

Begley et al., [19]

1) Self-efficacy and social support were strongly associated with SM.

McAuley et al., [18]

1) Age and education were associated with epilepsy SM

Jin et al., [22]

1) The mean score of self-management ability in neurosurgical perioperative epilepsy patients was 132.58 ± 14.42.

2) Patient ’s self-management ability was positively correlated with bachelor’s degree or higher, female, and duration of surgery < 3 h, and negatively correlated with 30–50 years of age.

Shi et al., [21]

1) The total ESMS score was (110.64 ± 12.56).

2) Gender, education level, work situation, monthly family income, self-efficacy, self-concept and medical coping modes were the influencing factors of self-management in young patients with epilepsy

Bai et al., [24]

1) Patients with female, high income, high self-efficacy, and Disease cognition had better self-management behaviours.

Xiao et al., [23]

1) The Chinese version of ESMS(C-ESMS) of adult PWE in western China was 122.43 ± 12.5.

2) The longer the duration, the higher the self-management level of patients with epilepsy.