Table 1 List of self-administered online questionnaires

Demographic questionnaire

Age, Gender, Cumulative GPA, Maternity-Newborn Nursing and Midwifery lecture grade, SBE experience

N/A

Attitude scale toward simulation-based education

18 items, 5-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), range 18–90, a higher score indicating a high level of attitude toward simulation-based education. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test resulted in a value of 0.72 [27].

0.876

Professional identity scale for nursing students

17 items, 5-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), range 17–85, a higher score indicating a high level of positive perception of professional identity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test resulted in a value of 0.83 [36].

0.873

Perceived stress scale

10 items, 5-point Likert scales ranging from 0 (almost never) to 5 (almost always), range 0–50. 1–13 scores indicate a low level of stress, 14–26 indicate a mild level of stress, and 27–40 scores indicate a high level of stress. Demonstrated reliability and validity [37, 38]. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test resulted in a value of 0.87 [37].

0.802

Evaluation of teaching competencies scale

9 items, 3-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (disagree) to 3 (agree), range 9–27, a higher score indicating a high level of positive perception of teaching competencies. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test resulted in a value of 0.94 [39].

0.900

Simulation design scale: student version

Two parts of the questionnaires were attitude toward simulation design (19 items) and perceived important design (19 items), 5-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), range of 19–95 for each part, a higher score indicating participants perceived the design of simulation with a high degree of suitability and importance. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test for the perception of SBE design was 0.92, while the perception of importance was 0.96 [40].

0.969/0.979

Critical thinking (Yoon’s Critical Thinking Disposition

Instrument)

27 items, 5-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), range 27–135, a higher score indicating a high level of critical thinking. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test resulted in a value of 0.84 [23].

0.906