Table 1 General information of participants
Group | 1 | 2 | χ2 | Group | 1 | 2 | χ2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | N (%) | N (%) | Variable | N (%) | N (%) | ||
Current age | 65.00*** | Age at the commencement of doctoral studies | 88.28*** | ||||
30–34 | 1 (0.8) | 17 (4.0) | <30 | 9 (6.8) | 183 (42.6) | ||
35–39 | 3 (2.3) | 75 (17.4) | 30–34 | 36 (27.1) | 119 (27.7) | ||
40–44 | 19 (14.3) | 126 (29.3) | 35–39 | 42 (31.6) | 83 (19.3) | ||
45–49 | 44 (33.1) | 115 (26.7) | 40–44 | 36 (27.1) | 29 (6.7) | ||
50–54 | 44 (33.1) | 52 (12.1) | 45–49 | 9 (6.8) | 10 (2.3) | ||
55–59 | 21 (15.8) | 34 (7.9) | > 49 | 1 (0.8) | 6 (1.4) | ||
>59 | 1 (0.8) | 11 (2.5) | Age at graduation | 71.95*** | |||
Sex | 107.43*** | <30 | 1 (0.8) | 46 (10.7) | |||
Male | 4 (3.0) | 231 (53.7) | 30–34 | 14 (10.5) | 138 (32.1) | ||
Female | 129 (97.0) | 199 (46.3) | 35–39 | 29 (21.8) | 102 (23.7) | ||
Current workplace | 57.63*** | 40–44 | 42 (31.6) | 95 (22.1) | |||
Universities | 115 (86.5) | 212 (49.3) | 45–49 | 34 (25.6) | 31 (7.2) | ||
Others | 18 (13.5) | 218 (50.7) | 50–54 | 12 (9.0) | 13 (3.0) | ||
Marital status when deciding to study for a doctorate | 24.69*** | >54 | 1 (0.8) | 5 (1.2) | |||
Having suspended studies | 8.25** | ||||||
Single | 43 (32.3) | 245 (57.0) | Yes | 55 (41.4) | 121 (28.1) | ||
Married | 90 (67.7) | 185 (43.0) | No | 78 (58.6) | 309 (71.9) | ||
Having children under 12 years of age when deciding to study for a doctorate | 29.70*** | Having full-time worked before commencing doctoral studies | 61.59*** | ||||
Yes | 73 (54.9) | 125 (29.1) | Yes | 127 (95.5) | 254 (59.1) | ||
No | 60 (45.1) | 305 (70.9) | No | 6 (4.5) | 176 (40.9) | ||
Doctoral school Location | 8.45** | Enrollment status | 7.56** | ||||
In Taiwan | 101 (75.9) | 372 (86.5) | Part-time | 75 (56.4) | 184 (42.8) | ||
Off Taiwan | 32 (24.1) | 58 (13.5) | Full-time | 58 (43.6) | 246 (57.2) | ||
Years spent to complete a doctorate | 8.24* | Years passed since graduation | 7.98* | ||||
< 5 | 39 (29.3) | 86 (20.0) | < 5 | 46 (34.6) | 107 (24.9) | ||
5–7 | 61 (45.9) | 256 (59.5) | 5–10 | 57 (42.9) | 176 (40.9) | ||
> 7 | 33 (24.8) | 88 (20.5) | > 10 | 30 (22.6) | 147 (34.2) |