Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the quality of nursing care scale among hospital nurses: a bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling analysis

Fang, Chiu-Shu; Li, Cheng-Hsien; Ma, Shu-Ching; Hwang, Fang-Ming; Martins, Maria Manuela; Chou, Fan-Hao

doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03012-0

Table 5 Parameter estimates for four QNC measurement models

From: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the quality of nursing care scale among hospital nurses: a bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling analysis

Factor	Item	ICM- CFA	First-order ESEM							Bifactor CFA		Bifactor ESEM
		λ	PS-λ	HP-λ	PC-λ	SC-λ	FR-λ	NCO-λ	RR-λ	S-λ	G-λ	PS-λ	HP-λ	PC-λ	SC-λ	FR-λ	NCO-λ	RR-λ	G-λ
PS	y1	0.70^***	0.74^***	0.01	0.09^**	-0.02	-0.04	0.10^**	-0.02	0.54^***	0.49^***	0.53^***	0.02	0.02	-0.04	-0.07^**	0.17^***	0.01	0.50^***
	y2	0.79^***	0.74^***	0.13^***	0.06^*	0.06	-0.10^**	0.08^**	-0.01	0.63^***	0.56^***	0.57^***	0.08^**	-0.01	0.01	-0.08^**	0.08^**	0.03	0.56^***
	y3	0.77^***	0.48^***	0.37^***	0.04	-0.02	0.06	-0.06^*	0.04	0.40^***	0.60^***	0.42^***	0.21^***	-0.03	-0.07	0.07^**	-0.13^***	-0.04	0.61^***
	(ω)	(0.80)								(0.80)		(0.82)
HP	y4	0.79^***	0.24^***	0.54^***	0.07^*	-0.04	0.17^***	-0.08^**	0.06^*	0.44^***	0.66^***	0.18^***	0.37^***	-0.01	-0.07^**	0.12^***	-0.12^***	-0.07^***	0.67^***
	y5	0.85^***	0.20^***	0.53^***	-0.04	0.14^*	0.13^***	-0.05	0.11^***	0.49^***	0.72^***	0.13^***	0.39^***	-0.08^***	0.04^**	0.06^*	-0.08^**	-0.03	0.72^***
	y6	0.81^***	0.18^***	0.43^***	0.11^***	0.07	0.13^**	0.01	0.11^**	0.37^***	0.72^***	0.06*	0.42^***	0.02	0.01	-0.00	0.05^*	-0.02	0.72^***
	(ω)	(0.86)								(0.86)			(0.86)
PC	y7	0.75^***	0.05	0.21^***	0.20^***	0.19^***	0.16^***	-0.03	0.16^***	0.07^***	0.74^***	-0.05	0.16^***	0.08^**	0.08^**	0.03	0.00	-0.00	0.72^***
	y8	0.76^***	0.07^**	-0.04	0.92^***	-0.01	-0.03	-0.01	0.03	0.43^***	0.69^***	0.00	-0.06^**	0.67^***	0.03	-0.02	-0.04^*	0.00	0.69^***
	y9	0.88^***	0.09^**	0.02	0.40^***	0.33^***	0.03	-0.02	0.16^***	0.33^***	0.81^***	-0.03	-0.01	0.22^***	0.17^***	-0.05^*	0.03	0.01	0.79^***
	(ω)	(0.83)								(0.84)				(0.87)
SC	y14	0.87^***	0.02	0.08^**	0.18^***	0.49^***	0.12^**	-0.01	0.16^***	0.14^***	0.85^***	-0.09^***	0.04	0.07^**	0.27^*	-0.02	0.03	0.00	0.82^***
	y15	0.77^***	-0.08^**	0.10^***	0.50^***	0.28^***	0.16^***	0.02	-0.00	0.15^***	0.74^***	-0.11^***	0.05	0.31^***	0.20^***	0.09^**	-0.07^*	-0.02	0.72^***
	y16	0.89^***	0.04	0.09^***	0.05	0.67^***	0.19^***	-0.03	0.06^*	0.50^***	0.85^***	-0.03	-0.02	-0.03	0.37^***	0.04^*	-0.08^***	-0.04^*	0.84^***
	y18	0.86^***	0.14^***	-0.01	0.05	0.54^***	0.25^***	0.07^*	0.07^*	0.17^***	0.84^***	0.04^*	-0.06^**	-0.01	0.29^***	0.09^***	0.05^*	-0.01	0.82^***
	(ω)	(0.91)								(0.91)					(0.92)
FR	y20	0.82^***	0.14^***	-0.02	0.03	0.47^***	0.28^***	0.03	0.11^**	0.08^***	0.81^***	0.08^**	-0.13^***	-0.04	0.23^***	0.14^***	-0.02	0.01	0.79^***
	y21	0.73^***	-0.13^***	0.33^***	0.05	0.10	0.54^***	-0.01	0.04	0.24^***	0.68^***	-0.09^***	0.16^***	-0.02	-0.00	0.44^***	-0.16^***	-0.06^**	0.68^***
	y22	0.83^***	0.01	0.10	0.06^*	0.20^**	0.48^***	0.07^*	0.13^*	0.61^***	0.77^***	-0.05^*	0.01	-0.03	0.04	0.31^***	0.06^*	0.00	0.77^***
	y23	0.75^***	0.07^*	0.11^*	0.12^**	0.21^***	0.32^***	0.06	0.10^*	0.15^***	0.73^***	-0.05	0.09^**	0.02	0.07^*	0.12^**	0.13^***	-0.02	0.72^***
	(ω)	(0.85)								(0.87)						(0.87)
NCO	y24	0.59^***	0.34^***	-0.25^***	0.01	0.11^*	0.07	0.22^**	0.15^**	0.33^***	0.39^***	0.12^***	-0.11^***	-0.02	0.01	-0.10^***	0.53^***	0.08^**	0.40^***
	y25	0.81^***	0.17^***	-0.05	0.02	-0.05	0.16^*	0.25^***	0.37^***	0.82^***	0.54^***	0.04	0.02	-0.02	-0.07^**	0.04	0.40^***	0.23^***	0.54^***
	(ω)	(0.67)								(0.73)							(0.68)
RR	y10	0.89^***	-0.04	0.04	0.04	0.06	-0.21^***	-0.15^***	0.99^***	0.60^***	0.71^***	-0.07^**	-0.12^***	-0.04	-0.16^***	-0.22^***	-0.07^**	0.35^***	0.79^***
	y11	0.70^***	0.09^**	-0.06	0.07^*	-0.20^***	0.35^***	-0.16^**	0.60^***	0.26^***	0.65^***	-0.00	-0.06	-0.03	-0.22^***	0.05	0.03	0.08	0.70^***
	y12	0.81^***	0.07^*	-0.11^***	0.02	-0.06	0.26^***	-0.09^*	0.72^***	0.34^***	0.72^***	0.01	-0.13^***	-0.05^*	-0.13^***	0.02	0.02	0.20^***	0.77^***
	y13	0.78^***	-0.07^*	0.14^**	0.04	-0.01	-0.00	0.49^***	0.65^***	0.31^***	0.68^***	0.05^**	0.10^***	0.07^***	0.14^***	0.14^***	0.17^***	0.69^***	0.62^***
	y17	0.89^***	-0.03	0.01	0.00	0.07^*	-0.15^***	-0.19^***	0.98^***	0.58^***	0.72^***	-0.08^**	-0.16^***	-0.08^***	-0.18^***	-0.21^***	-0.09^**	0.32^***	0.81^***
	y19	0.83^***	-0.05	0.09^*	-0.01	0.06^*	-0.05	0.34^***	0.75^***	0.36^***	0.72^***	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.08^*	0.03	0.13^***	0.55^***	0.69^***
	(ω)	(0.92)								(0.94)	(0.97)							(0.96)	(0.98)

Note Boldface indicates target ESEM factor loadings; ICM = independent cluster model; CFA = confirmatory factor analysis; ESEM = exploratory structural equation modeling; G = global factor estimated as part of a bifactor model; S = specific factor estimated as part of a bifactor model; λ = standardized factor loadings; S.E. = standard error; ω = omega coefficient for model-based composite reliability (shown in parentheses); PS = patient satisfaction; HP = health promotion; PC = prevention of complications; SC = well-being and self-care; FR = functional readaptation; NCO = nursing care organization; RR = responsibility and rigor. ^*p < .05. ^**p < .01. ^***p < .001

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