The relationship between job stress and the perception of patient safety culture among Palestinian hospital nurses

Zabin, Loai M.; Qaddumi, Jamal; Ghawadra, Sajed Faisal

doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03009-9

Table 4 Association between PSC, NSS and workplace characteristics

From: The relationship between job stress and the perception of patient safety culture among Palestinian hospital nurses

Variable	Categories	N	PSC and workplace characteristics			NSS and workplace characteristics
Variable	Categories	N	Mean Rank	Median [Q1–Q3] ^a	p-value	Mean ± SD ^b	F	p-value
Hospital type	Governmental	172	153.88	98.00 [90.00–105.75]	< 0.001*	44.9 ± 14.5	22.058	< 0.001*
	Non-Governmental	136	175.02	100.00 [94.00–110.75]		34.6 ± 14
	Academic	47	274.89	118.00 [109.00–128.00]		35.5 ± 14.2
Experience in the current hospital	< one year	43	184.14	99.00 [93.00–115.00]	0.622	37.3 ± 16.4	2.146	0.094
	1 to 5 years	159	170.23	100.00 [92.00–112.00]		39.7 ± 14.1
	6 to 10 years	103	182.37	101.00 [93.00–116.00]		42.3 ± 15.2
	11 or more years	50	188.42	101.00 [94.75–111.50]		36.5 ± 16.2
Experience in the current unit	< one year	70	182.50	99.50 [93.00–113.50]	0.976	36.8 ± 15.2	3.875	0.010*
	1 to 5 years	183	176.10	100.00 [93.00–112.00]		41.2 ± 14
	6 to 10 years	67	178.99	101.00 [92.00–116.00]		41.8 ± 17.9
	11 or more years	35	177.04	99.00 [94.00–107.00]		33.6 ± 13.1
Working hours per week	< 30 hours per week	41	161.20	98.00 [91.00–106.50]	0.490	43.6 ± 17.8	1.635	0.196
	30 to 40 hours per week	211	181.92	101.00 [93.00–113.00]		39 ± 14.4
	Over 40 hours per week	103	176.65	100.00 [94.00–112.00]		39.7 ± 15.4
Primary unit or work area in this hospital	Multiple Units, No specific unit	17	185.88	104.00 [88.00–115.50]	0.167	27.6 ± 15.2	9.222	< 0.001*
	Medical/Surgical Units	101	156.82	98.00 [92.00–104.00]		43.3 ± 16.2
	Patient Care Units	194	181.53	101.00 [93.75–113.00]		40.6 ± 13.8
	Surgical Services	38	189.72	101.50 [95.50–113.00]		32.6 ± 13.3
Does the hospital perform activities for nurses to relieve job stress?	Yes	63	207.48	103.00 [94.00–117.00]	0.012*	32.2 ± 14.1	0.024	< 0.001*
	No	292	171.64	100.00 [92.00–111.00]	0.012*	41.3 ± 14.9	0.024	< 0.001*
Does the hospital perform activities to improve the PSC?	Yes	183	208.4	104.00 [95.00–117.00]	< 0.001*	35 ± 13.5	1.749	< 0.001*
Does the hospital perform activities to improve the PSC?	No	172	145.59	96.50 [89.00–104.00]	< 0.001*	44.7 ± 15.1	1.749	< 0.001*
How would you rate patient safety in your unit/work area?	Poor	12	74.04	89.00 [79.75–94.75]	< 0.001*	58.3 ± 14.2	13.442	< 0.001*
	Fair	51	100.37	91.00 [87.00–99.00]		46.4 ± 12
	Good	100	151.29	96.50 [92.00–104.00]		41.9 ± 13.2
	Very Good	119	210.39	104.00 [97.00–117.00]		37.2 ± 16
	Excellent	73	233.12	112.00 [99.50–123.00]		33.1 ± 13.6
Total Respondents		355

N: Number (frequency), Q1-Q3: first quartile-third quartile, SD: standard deviation; some numbers do not total 355 due to missing data
*Significance levelp < 0.05
Patient care units include cardiology, ER, gastroenterology, ICU (all adult types), labor & delivery, obstetrics & gynecology, oncology, hematology, and pediatrics (including the NICU and PICU)
Surgical services include endoscopy, colonoscopy, preopening, operating room/site, PACU/post Op, and Peri Op
^a: Mann‒Whitney U and Kruskal‒Wallis H tests were employed to measure associations with the HSOPSC total score since the data of the HSOPSC tool was not normally distributed
^b: T-tests and one-way ANOVA were employed to measure associations with the NSS total score since the data of the NSS tool was normally distributed

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