Table 2 Factor loadings of the 33-item C-DSNCPD-ICU (N = 212)
N = 212 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | Factor 5 | Factor 6 | Factor 7 | Factor 8 | Cronbach’s α | |
Factor 1: Delirium assessment | ||||||||||
1. I do not know how to evaluate delirium, A1 | 0.665 | |||||||||
2. I am not confident in my evaluation of delirium, A2 | 0.665 | |||||||||
3. It is difficult to assess delirium in patients who are intubated or unable to communicate in a conversation, A3 | 0.579 | |||||||||
4. It is difficult to assess delirium in patients who are sedated, A4 | 0.702 | α = 0.871 | ||||||||
5. It is difficult for me to assess whether the patient’s symptoms are due to delirium or other causes (dementia, other neuropsychiatric disorders, cerebrovascular disease), A5 | 0.710 | |||||||||
6. Clinical care is so busy that it is difficult to spend time evaluating delirium, A6 | 0.685 | |||||||||
Factor 2: Delirium management by multidisciplinary team | ||||||||||
7. It is difficult to understand the need for delirium patient management, because the perception and priorities for delirium differ among various occupations, A7 | 0.579 | |||||||||
8. It is difficult for other types of occupations to understand that patients have symptoms of delirium, because such symptoms fluctuate, A8 | 0.743 | |||||||||
9. It is difficult to cooperate and coordinate with members from other occupations in delirium patient management, A9 | 0.608 | α = 0.866 | ||||||||
10. It is difficult to set goals for managing patients with delirium in a multidisciplinary team, A10 | 0.762 | |||||||||
11. It is difficult for multidisciplinary team to utilize the delirium of patients assessed by nurses as effective information, A11 | 0.687 | |||||||||
Factor 3: Ensuring safety | ||||||||||
12. It is difficult to prevent patients with delirium from falling or falling out of bed, A12 | 0.610 | |||||||||
13. It is difficult to manage and prevent adverse events associated with drains and catheters, due to unexpected behaviors of patients with delirium, A13 | 0.609 | |||||||||
14. It is difficult to control behavior of excited patients with delirium, A14 | 0.582 | α = 0.705 | ||||||||
15. It is difficult to determine what method should be chosen to control the behavior of a patient with delirium, A15 | 0.715 | |||||||||
16. It is difficult to care for patients with delirium while maintaining the safety of the nurse, A16 | 0.660 | |||||||||
Factor 4: Dealing with and involvement in hypoactive delirium | ||||||||||
17. It is difficult to identify hypoactive delirium, A17 | 0.769 | |||||||||
18. It is difficult to realize when the patient suffers from hypoactive delirium, A18 | 0.800 | |||||||||
19. I do not know how to approach a hypoactive delirium patient, A19 | 0.723 | α = 0.781 | ||||||||
20. It is difficult to encourage patients with hypoactive delirium to engage in early mobilisation, A20 | 0.711 | |||||||||
Factor 5: Dealing with stress and distress | ||||||||||
21. It is difficult to carry out the necessary care for medical treatment of patients with delirium who refuse to receive care, A21 | 0.721 | |||||||||
22. It is difficult to meet the needs of patients with delirium, given the limitations of treatment, A22 | 0.675 | |||||||||
23. I do not know what kind of care methods are recommended for patients with delirium, A23 | 0.747 | α = 0.865 | ||||||||
24. It is difficult for nurses to control their own emotions, due to continuously caring for the patient, A24 | 0.696 | |||||||||
25. It is difficult for nurses, who care for patients with delirium, to get support for their own stress, A25 | 0.745 | |||||||||
Factor 6: Adjustment of medication | ||||||||||
26. I do not know who to consult when unsure if the medicine prescribed for a patient with delirium is appropriate, A26 | 0.721 | |||||||||
27. It is difficult to decide whether to use a medicine that has been prescribed for delirium patients’ restlessness or insomnia, such as pro re nata (PRN) orders, A27 | 0.687 | |||||||||
28. It is difficult to evaluate the effects and side effects after administration of drugs used to alleviate symptoms of delirium, A28 | 0.830 | α = 0.856 | ||||||||
29. It is difficult to set management goals for analgesia and sedation in patients with delirium, A29 | 0.751 | |||||||||
Factor 7: Involvement of family | ||||||||||
30. It is difficult to explain what the family can do for patients with delirium so that they can understand (e.g., the importance of family presence and how to relate to the patient), A30 | 0.830 | |||||||||
31. It is difficult to explain what delirium is in a way that families can understand, A31 | 0.844 | α = 0.878 | ||||||||
Factor 8: Lack of resources | ||||||||||
32. It is difficult to receive feedback and expert advice for delirium patient management, A32 | 0.683 | |||||||||
33. It is difficult to get help from other people, such as colleagues, who are needed to care for delirium patients, A33 | 0.738 | α = 0.737 |